Draft Architecture L2

Cirkle Blockchain Architecture

                                              ┌─────────────┐
                                              │  Explorer   │
                                              │             │
                                              └─────▲───────┘
                                                    │ JSON-RPC
                                                    │
┌────────────┐       libp2p Gossipsub       ┌───────────────┐
│            │ ◄──────────────────────────► │               │
│  CLI Wallet│      libp2p PubSub &         │  Core Node    │
│            │       Peer Discovery         │               │
└────────────┘                              └───────────────┘
       ▲                                            ▲
       │                                            │
       │                                ┌───────────┴───────────┐
       │                                │   Consensus Engine    │
       │                                │   (PoS Validator      │
       │                                │    Selection + BFT)   │
       │                                └───────────▲───────────┘
       │                                            │ State
       │                                            │ Transition
       │                                            │
       │   JSON-RPC / gRPC              ┌───────────┴───────────┐
       └────────────────────────────────│    State Machine      │
                                        │  (EVM Engine + Merkle │
                                        │       Trie)           │
                                        └───────────▲───────────┘
                                                    │
                                                    │
                                         ┌──────────┴───────────┐
                                         │      Mempool         │
                                         │ (TX Pool + Validator │
                                         │   Block Assembler)   │
                                         └──────────▲───────────┘
                                                    │ Blocks & TXs
                                                    │
                                          libp2p    │
                                          PubSub    │
                                                    │
┌───────────────┐                              ┌────┴────┐
│  Relayer /    │                              │  Bridge │
│ Monitoring    │                              │ Module  │
│ & Metrics     │                              └─────────┘
│ (Prom/Graf)   │                              
└───────────────┘

Components

Components 1, 2, 3, 4 are required for an MVP

1. P2P Layer (libp2p)

   • Peer Discovery via mDNS/DHT
   • Gossipsub for:
     • Transaction propagation
     • Block propagation
   • Secure Channels (Noise/TLS)

2. Core Node (Go)

   • Consensus Engine
     • PoS validator selection
     • BFT finality
   • State Machine
     • EVM-compatible execution (go-ethereum’s evm package)
     • Merkle trie for world state
   • Mempool & Block Assembler
     • Transaction validation, gas accounting
     • Block creation by elected validator
   • APIs
     • JSON-RPC & gRPC for wallets, explorer, and relayer
     • REST for health checks

3. Wallet (CLI & MetaMask-compatible)

   • Key management (BIP-39, secp256k1)
   • Transaction creation & signing
   • Peer discovery for local devnet (optional via libp2p)
   • RPC calls to Core Node for balance & tx submission

4. Bridge Module

   • Relayer Service listens to:
     • Ethereum deposit events (via web3)
     • Cirkle withdrawal events (via libp2p PubSub or RPC)
   • Initiates cross-chain mint/burn transactions

5. Explorer (React/NextJS)

   • Indexer Service (Go) subscribes to libp2p PubSub or polls JSON-RPC
   • Stores blocks/txs in database
   • Exposes REST/GraphQL for frontend
   • Real-time updates via WebSocket

6. Monitoring & Metrics

   • Prometheus exporter in Core Node and Explorer
   • Grafana dashboards for:
     • Peer count, mempool size, block times
     • Validator performance & uptime

Data Flows

• Transaction Flow: Wallet ▶ JSON-RPC ▶ Core Node ▶ libp2p PubSub ▶ All Peers ▶ Mempool ▶ Block Assembler ▶ Block PubSub ▶ All Peers ▶ State Machine

• Block Propagation: Core Node (Validator) ▶ libp2p Gossipsub ▶ Other Nodes ▶ Block Validation ▶ State Update

• Explorer Indexing: Explorer Indexer ▶ (libp2p subscription or RPC polling) ▶ Processes Blocks/Txs ▶ Database ▶ API ▶ Frontend

• Cross-Chain Bridge: Relayer ▶ Ethereum ▶ Bridge Contract ▶ Events ▶ Cirkle ▶ libp2p or RPC ▶ Mint/Burn on Cirkle